International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology

Translational Physiology: Present Status and Future Perspectives

Gopal Krushna Pal — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 05:40:47 +0000

Translational research refers to the explorations pertaining to discoveries from basic science to applied medicine to increase the quality of human health. This has been devised particularly in medicine, in which the findings of basic research are extended to the clinical research setting (bench to bedside) and then to clinical practice and eventually to the health policy (bedside to community).[1] The term translational research was introduced about 25 years ago and has since become a guiding force in biomedical research. Due to enormous contribution of physiology from understanding the pathophysiology of disease processes to the development therapy modules and management of various diseases, the Nobel Prize in Medicine has been titled as Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Over past three decades, physiology has contributed tremendously to various aspects of clinical medicine including advancement in disease treatments; and therefore, physiology has been additionally designated as translational physiology. Translational physiology is a vibrant and multidisciplinary subject in medicine. Read more...

Clinicopathological Features of Kidney Biopsy Samples in Patients with Lupus Nephritis in Iran

Saadat Eslami, Haniyeh Malek Mohammadi — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:12:53 +0000

Background and Aim: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that is more common in women and has recently increased in prevalence. One of its complications is lupus nephritis, which occurs in 50% of patients. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the clinical pathology of kidneys of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who underwent kidney biopsy between 2015 and 2023. Methods: 116 patients were included in the study. Most of the patients were in the age group of 20 to 40 years and most of them were women. The most common class of involvement was class IV, and the highest activity index and chronic index were also recorded in this class. Results: There was a significant relationship between lupus nephritis class and hematuria. The serum creatinine of patients had a significant relationship with the class of lupus nephritis, and the highest level of creatinine was in class VI and the lowest level was in class II. All patients in our study had proteinuria and it was significantly related to the class of lupus nephritis, and the highest level of proteinuria was in class VI and the lowest in class II. All classes of lupus nephritis showed a decrease in C3 compared to the normal range. C4 and CH50 had a significant relationship with the class of lupus nephritis. Anemia was significantly related to the class of lupus nephritis, and the highest prevalence of anemia was in class IV. Conclusion: Most patients were women aged 20-40 years. Class IV was the most common type of lupus nephritis and showed the highest activity and chronicity indices. Lupus nephritis class demonstrated significant relationships with hematuria, serum creatinine, proteinuria, complement levels, and anemia. The highest creatinine and proteinuria levels were observed in class VI, while the greatest prevalence of anemia and the greatest decrease in C3 were seen in class IV.

Early Closure of End Ileostomy Following Visceral Slide Assessment Using Abdominal Ultrasound

Myong Chol Jang, Hye Song Ri, Hui Chol Kang — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:20:44 +0000

Background and Aim: The purpose of our study is to decide whether to perform or not early closure of end ileostomy based on the release of abdominal adhesion following visceral slide assessment using ultrasound after its creation. Methods: 59 patients with stoma closure from January 2022 to May 2024 were involved in the study. Of these, 9 patients were excluded from the analysis since stoma became permanent, 50 patients (20 female patients) were included. They were divided into 2 groups. In EC (early closure) group, we decided operation timing using ultrasound and performed closure within 180 days after ileostomy. In LC (Late Closure) group, we performed closure after 180 days based on doctor’s judgment without former procedure. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of adhesions separated by operation between the 2 groups. Stoma-related complications and readmission rate in EC group were significantly lower than in LC group. No significant difference was noted in terms of operative time, length of postoperative hospital stay, operative intestine injury, morbidity and mortality between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that stoma closure within six months performed in the certain period based on the ultrasound assessment can achieve a safety level equal to that of stoma closure after six months.

Effect of Iron Intake on Chronic Cholestatic Osteoporosis by Surgical Common Bile Duct Partial Ligation

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:32:45 +0000

Background and Aim: Osteoporosis is an important type of metabolic bone disease in chronic cholangiogenic liver disease, with an incidence of up to maximum 72%. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia in patients with chronic liver disease are collectively referred to as "hepatic osteodystrophy," which is commonly found in patients with intestinal malabsorption and progressive primary biliary cirrhosis. To deal with the induction of osteoporosis by chronic cholestasis, we aimed to investigate the following: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of iron intake on chronic cholestatic osteoporosis by surgical CBD partial ligation. Methods: Forty rats including weanling male rats weighing 70-80 g and adult male rats weighing 150-160 g were used. First, the rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine injection, and then the CBD (Common Bile Duct) was exposed by surgical procedures, complete and partial ligation was performed, and then the abdomen was closed. Partial ligation was performed by ligating different thicknesses of the suture needles with the common bile duct and then removing the suture needle. In the case of using suture needle 5-0, 85-90% of the common bile duct is considered to be obstructed and 75-80% for 4-0. After ligation of the common bile duct, naturally proceeding rats were included as contrast group and rats receiving oral administration of 6 mg/ kg/day of folate iron were included as experimental group. After 8 weeks, liver function tests (ALT, AST, ZTT) and histopathological observation of the femur (H-E stained samples) were performed in the contrast and experimental groups, respectively. The significance test for viability and prevalence of osteoporosis following CBD ligation was performed by using the chi-square test, and the significance test for liver function test values was performed by using the t-test. Results: Experimental osteoporosis is induced at 8 weeks after surgical CBD partial ligation (85-90% occlusion). Conclusion: Iron intake significantly suppressed the development of osteoporosis by chronic cholestasis.

Experimental and Clinical Studies on the Therapeutic Effects of Koryo Medicine-Rapid Coronary Blood Flow Enhancer Atherosclerosis and Some Ischemic Heart Diseases

Chol Yong Ri, Yong Il Mun, Mae Ri, Chol Ho Kang, Song Thaek O — Wed, 07 Jan 2026 05:39:08 +0000

Background and Aim: Some Koryo medicines have a very positive effect on cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and acute coronary syndrome by improving coronary blood flow and enhancing cardiac activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the experimental and clinical effects of Koryo medicines including Carthami flos, Typhae pollen, Ligustici rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Veratri maximowiczii herba, Epimedii herba, Ginkgo folium, Crataegi fructus, Bupleuri radix, Astragali radix, ivy vine on several cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The composition of "rapid coronary blood flow enhancer": Carthami flos (powder) 0.2, Bupleuri radix (water extract) 0.15, Ligustici rhizoma (powder) 0.15, Typhae pollen (flour) 0.15, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix (water extract) 0.25, Astragali radix (water extract) 0.25, Veratri maximowiczii herba (water extract) 0.3, Crataegi fructus (powder) 0.3, ivy vine (water extract) 0.3, Epimedii herba (water extract) 0.1, Ginkgo folium (water extract) leaves 0.1 were mixed with honey and prepared by encapsulation to a weight of 0.5g. The experimental animals (Wistar rats) that developed the coronary atherosclerosis model were administered at a dose of 0.6g/kg once daily for 14 days and the experimental parameters were analyzed. Patients with angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and hypertension were treated with 2 tablets at a time and 3 times a day for 25 days before eating. Results: In coronary atherosclerosis animals and clinical trials, HDL, SOD and CAT activities were significantly elevated, TC, TG, LDL, and LPO levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001), and electrocardiographic findings were significantly improved. Conclusion: The “rapid coronary blood flow enhancer” consisting of several Koryo medicines improves plasma lipids and antioxidant parameters and rapidly relieves clinical symptoms.

Combinative Effect of Red and Far-Infrared Laser Therapy on Histological Changes of Injured Muscle in Rats

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:46:32 +0000

Background and Aim:The effects of red or far-infrared laser therapy are well known, but combinative effect of these laser on muscle injury has not yet been investigated in experimental studies. Here, we aim to examine the combinative effect of red and far-infrared laser therapy in a rat muscle injury model. Method: A total of male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: healthy control group (CG), untreated muscle injury group (MG) and combination of red and far-infrared laser therapy group (RFG). Gastrocnemius injury in rat was induced by a single blunt-impact trauma based on previous studies. Laser therapy was started within 24 h after muscle injury and applied every day for 21 days (1 min/day). Results: After combinative laser therapy (RFG), the area of damaged fibers, percentage in the area of collagen and leukocyte infiltration decreased significantly compared to MG. Conclusion: These results showed that the combination of Red and Far-infrared laser therapy was effective in muscle recovery and could modulate collagen and inflammatory process in injured muscle.

Hydronephrosis Associated with Enlarged Lymph Nodes in the Patient with Tuberculous Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

Il Hwan Han, Sun Gum Pyon, Hyang Suk Yu — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A common cause of hydronephrosis is an ureteral stone. Here, we report a rare case of enlarged lymph nodes-induced hydronephrosis. The patient, who was suffering from fever, flank pain and hydronephrosis, had been treated with antibiotics and lithagogues for 3 months with the suspected diagnosis of calculous pyelonephritis, but had not shown any improvement. Finally, the patient was diagnosed as tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis and antituberculous therapy led to the improvement of the disease. So we could have a conclusion that the ureteral narrowing by compression of the tuberculously enlarged lymph nodes, not uretral stone, caused the hydronephrosis.