International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology

Heart Rate Variability as an Early Diagnostic Tool of Pre-eclampsia

Gopal Krushna Pal — 2024-10-19

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a complex multisystem disease, diagnosed by sudden-onset hypertension (>20 weeks of gestation) and at least one other associated complication, including proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction or uteroplacental dysfunction (for example, fetal growth restriction (FGR) or angiogenic imbalance).^[1] PE remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with its early diagnosis being crucial for better clinical outcomes. The pathophysiology of PE is complex, involving endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Among the various markers being explored for early detection, heart rate variability (HRV) has gained attention due to its ability to reflect the ANS's status, which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of PE.

Molecular Players and Cellular Mechanisms that Govern Cell Behaviour in Adult Angiogenic Sprouting

Leta Melaku — 2024-10-19

ABSTRACT Blood vessels, guardians of the organism’s global homeostasis, are formed achieved by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The present review was aimed at molecular players and cellular mechanisms that govern cell behaviour in adult angiogenic sprouting. Studies were accessed through an electronic web-based search strategy from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL by using a combination of search terms. In adults, angiogenesis is the most common form of blood vessel formation and also under strict control. Although most blood vessels in an adult organism remain quiescent, endothelial cells retain the capability of rapid division in response to physiological stimuli. Tip cell and stalk cell are two principal cells involved in sprouting angiogenesis. A fine-tuned feed-back loop between VEGF and Notch/Dll-4 signaling pathways is established and a cross-talk between these pathways is essential for proper patterning of the vasculature. Once the tip cell has been selected, filopodia guides the growing sprout towards a gradient of VEGF and other attractive guidance cues. An important first step in any anastomosis is the formation of a stable contact between two ECs. The formation of an interconnected luminal space and the formation of multicellular, perfused tubes in different vascular beds-type I and type II anastomosis-appear to occur at different frequencies. Pruning occurs via two different modes-type I and type II-depending on the state of vessel perfusion during the process. Vessels can adjust their shape and function to meet changing tissue oxygen demands. A fundamental feature of vessel maturation is the recruitment of mural cells. The importance of angiogenesis sparked hopes that manipulating this process could offer therapeutic opportunities.

Correlation of Heart Rate Recovery with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Hypothyroid Patients

Gulafshan Iqbal — 2024-10-19

Background and Aim: Poly cystic ovarian syndrome and thyroid disorders are the commonest endocrine disorders. Hypothyroid can lead to polycystic morphology of the ovaries and is therefore commonest finding in PCOS patients. Disturbances of the autonomic nervous system play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of many diseases. Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) is an objective measure of habitual physical activity and also a useful diagnostic and prognostic health indicator for patients in clinical settings. Many studies have suggested that CRF has an impact on the autonomic control of Heart Rate (HR). The aim of the study was to find out correlation between CRF and Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) in PCOS and PCOS with hypothyroidism patients. Methods: Newly medically diagnosed not on medications total 43 subjects were recruited, subjects were divided into group A (PCOS; n=33) and group B (PCOS with hypothyroidism; n=10). Anthropometric measurements were taken, CRF was assessed by 3 min YMCA submaximal step test and autonomic function tests for assessing parasympathetic function such as heart rate response to immediate standing (IS) (30:15) and Standing to Lying ratio (S:L) were employed, Electrocardiogram (ECG) machine (RMS-Vesta 301i electrocardiograph) was used for assessing parasympathetic function then measurements was taken according to the respective scoring procedures. Results: Negative correlation was observed in S:L test in PCOS group and IS test in PCOS with hypothyroidism group and positive correlation was observed in IS test in PCOS group and S:L test in PCOS with hypothyroidism group. No significance was found between HRR and CRF in PCOS as well as PCOS with hypothyroidism in our studied population. Conclusion: CRF was not a predictor of HRR in studied population, thus we conclude that CRF has no short-term effect on HRR in PCOS and PCOS with hypothyroid patients.

Evaluating Intellectual Capacity of Women Attending Antenatal Care on Common Complications of Pregnancy: A Clinical-Based Study of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

Ajuzie GC — 2024-10-19

Background and Aim: To assess the intellectual capacity of pregnant women attending antenatal care regarding common complications of pregnancy (preeclampsia and eclampsia); with the goal of preventing these complications through enhanced knowledge. Methods: This clinical-based descriptive cross-sectional study involved 157 volunteered pregnant women attending antenatal. A simple random-sampling technique was utilized to select participants. Data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire designed in accordance to the study objectives. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (v25). Results: Among the participants, 92.4% were married, 71.3% had secondary education and greater percentage (56.1%) had 3 deliveries. Greater proportion 80(50.9%) had no knowledge, 39(24.8%) had poor knowledge, 20(12.7%) had fair knowledge while 18(11.6%) had good knowledge of the causes of preeclampsia and eclampsia. 86(55.8%) had no knowledge, 33(21.0%), had poor knowledge, 24(15.3%) had fair knowledge while 24(15.3%) had good knowledge of the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia and eclampsia. 96(61.1%) had no knowledge, 18(11.5%) had poor knowledge, 33(21.0%) had fair knowledge while 10(6.40%) had good knowledge of the preventive measures of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Conclusion: Low intellectual capacity regarding preeclampsia and eclampsia among the pregnant women was observed. Consequently, necessitates sensitization programs aimed at enhancing knowledge and mitigating the occurrence of these pregnancy-related complications.

Optimal Parameters of Magnetic Field Action and their Influence on Some Index Improvement in Traumatic Brain Injury Rat Modell

Jong Won — 2024-10-19

Taguchi method

Background and Aim: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a significant medical challenge with limited effective treatments. Recent studies suggest that magnetic field therapy can enhance neural recovery. However, the optimal parameters for magnetic field application in TBI models are not well established. The aim of this study was to find out the optimal parameters for applying magnetic field to the recovery of TBI rats by using Taguchi method and to determine the effect of magnetic field on survival rate and some functional index of the TBI rats. Methods: Fourteen albino Wistar male rats weighed 220-250 g were used in the experiment. An experimental model of TBI rats was constructed by Feeney’s method. Optimal parameters of magnetic field was identified by Taguchi orthogonal array. Magnetic field was applied to the experimental group TBI rats for 5 days. Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), Brain Water Content (BWC), electrical stimulation threshold and survival rate were measured. Results: The optimal magnetic field parameters, determined by using one-factor experiment and Taguchi method were magnetic induction at 20 mT, frequency at 20 Hz, duration for 25 min and daily application frequency of 2 times per day. When applied to a TBI rat model, magnetic field of the optimal parameters decreased brain water content and increased survival rate. In addition, modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), electrical stimulation threshold were decreased. Conclusion: Optimal parameters of alternating magnetic field for functional recovery of TBI rats improved neuro dysfunction and increased survival rate in TBI rats.

The Variation of Several Parameters in the Premature Ovarian Failure Model by D-Galactose and the Effect of Some Drugs on the Model: Fundamental Study

Hong Yong Chol — 2024-10-19

Background and Aim: Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), or premature menopause affects 1-3% of women. Patients experience menopausal symptoms, genital dystrophy, high FSH and LH levels and low estradiol. Hormone replacement therapy and other treatments can help, but their side effects are debated. To better understand POF and develop effective treatments, we used D-galactose-induced models to test various drugs. Methods: Female Wistar rats (160-180 g, 16-18 weeks) were used to study D-galactose-induced Premature Ovarian Failure (POF). Rats were injected with 0.5 mL of 5% D-galactose subcutaneously for 30 days. Post-treatment, endometrium and myometrium thickness, ovary weight and volume and follicle number were measured. The POF models were then treated with Styphnolobium japonicum fruit extract, Cimicifuga heracleifolia extracts, folliculin and rigevidon and the karyopyknotic index, uterine gland number and size, ovary weight and follicle count were assessed. Results: In the D-galactose-induced POF models, endometrium and myometrium thickness, ovary weight and volume and mature follicle number significantly decreased. Conclusion: The effectiveness of drugs in reversing these effects was ranked as follows: folliculin, Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract, rigevidon and Styphnolobium japonicum extract.

Treatment of Acute RVMI Complicated by High-Grade Bradycardia-Induced Shock Using Pacing-PTCA-ICT Combination

Jo Yong-Bong — 2024-10-19

Acute Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction (RVMI), which would be possibly followed by bradycardia-induced shock, may perpetuate a vicious circle very quickly and result in short-term adverse outcomes as cardiac arrest and long-term outcomes as angina pectoris or recurrent myocardial infarction. In order to block this circle, emergent combination of temporary pacing and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) may be necessary and especially, in unexpected case that the occluded lesion is long, another addition of Intracoronary Thrombolysis (ICT) may improve outcomes. We introduce the successful case of combined interventions of temporary pacing, PTCA and ICT to prevent cardiac death in the 65-old man who admitted with the diagnosis of acute RVMI and high-grade bradycardia-induced shock. In cases of high-grade bradycardia-induced shock following acute inferior myocardial infarction by occlusion of right artery, the combination of temporary pacing, PTCA and ICT may be the good choice for resuscitation and prognosis.

Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Using Slow-Paced Breathing as a Window to Improved Health and Autonomic Regulation

Ajay Kumar Saran — 2024-10-19

Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered as an index of autonomic nervous system function. A higher vagally mediated HRV (vmHRV) is known to be associated with higher life expectancy, greater cognitive flexibility and resilience to stress and is a relevant marker positively related to health, well-being, and self-regulation.In the recent years, HRV biofeedback (HRVB) paired with slow-paced breathing has garnered attention as a promising non-pharmacological intervention with potential benefits in conditions such as stress management and in disorders like depression, anxiety, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal pain disorders.