Role of Chemerin as a Putative Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Syndrome: A Brief Review

  • Chiranjeevi Kumar Endukuru Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, INDIA.
  • Girwar Singh Gaur Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, INDIA.
  • Dhanalakshmi Yerrabelli Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, INDIA.
  • Jayaprakash Sahoo Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, INDIA.
  • Balasubramanian Vairappan Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, INDIA.
Keywords: Chemerin, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammation, Metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major alarming causes of morbidity and mortality with widespread prevalence around the world. The major risk factor for cardiovascular disease is metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is most prevalent among obesity-related comorbidities. The main causative factors linking metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease are assumed to involve the expansion of adipose tissue and chronic inflammation. In addition to storing surplus fat, adipose tissue also produces adipokines which act through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions in the body. Increasing evidence suggests that the altered secretion of adipokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome but the mechanisms underlying are not fully known. To date, only leptin and adiponectin are the best-studied adipokines among the variety of adipokines secreted by adipose tissue. However, recent studies have implicated the novel adipokine chemerin as a regulator of adipogenesis, inflammation and glucose metabolism which demonstrates its multifaceted actions. Furthermore, they also found that elevated circulating levels of chemerin in metabolic syndrome acts as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Chemerin has gained considerable interest due to its role as a pro- or anti-inflammatory mediator is still controversial and the effect of chemerin on glucose metabolism is a matter of debate. Thus, the purpose of this review is to focus primarily on chemerin expression, processing, signaling of receptors, biological actions and pathophysiological implications and the role of chemerin as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome.

The schematic diagram proposing the functions of chemerin
Published
2020-05-05
How to Cite
Endukuru, C. K., Gaur, G. S., Yerrabelli, D., Sahoo, J., & Vairappan, B. (2020). Role of Chemerin as a Putative Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Syndrome: A Brief Review. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 7(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijcep.2020.7.1.2