Cognitive Deficit is Linked to Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Auroprajna Pal; Jaya Prakash Sahoo; Lalitha Venugopal; Allampali Sirisha; Gopal Krushna Pal

Auroprajna Pal MBBS Student, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
Jaya Prakash Sahoo Departments of Endocrinology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
Lalitha Venugopal Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
Allampali Sirisha Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
Gopal Krushna Pal Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India

Keywords: Cardiovascular risks, Cognitive deficit, Oxidative stress, Rate‑pressure product, Sympathovagal imbalance, Type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background and Aim: Diabetes has been reported to be caused by sympathovagal imbalance and is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risks and a wide variety of cognitive loss. The present study was designed to assess the link of cognitive deficit with CV risks in diabetic patients. Methods: Eighty participants (forty type 2 diabetic patients and forty controls) were included in this case–control study. The rate‑pressure product (RPP), heart rate variability, event‑related potential (P300), and biochemical parameters were recorded in both groups. Association of various factors with RPP was studied by Pearson’s correlation analysis, and the independent contribution of factors to RPP was assessed by univariate regression analysis. Results: RPP and low‑frequency‑to‑high‑frequency (LF-HF) ratio were increased in patients with diabetes. The latency of P300 was significantly prolonged in patients with diabetes and P300 latency was positively correlated with RPP, the marker of myocardial oxygen stress, in hypertensives. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and malondialdehyde significantly correlated with RPP. The P300 had independent contribution to RPP in diabetic group. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetic patients have sympathovagal imbalance, myocardial oxygen stress, oxidative stress, and considerable cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment could be associated with CV risks in these patients.